Diabetes Mellitus is a group metabolic disease that deals with elevated amounts of blood glucose in the body. It is characterized by hyperglycemia from defects in insulin secretion, whether it be overproduction or none. Diabetes Mellitus 1 is absolute deficiency of production of insulin from the Beta cells in the pancreas. Most commonly, this is due to an autoimmune attack on these cells. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include that of polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and sometimes polyphagia, and blurred vision1. T2DM is much more prevalent, with over 100 million Americans with diabetes or prediabetes 2. In T2DM, there is an overproduction of insulin in response to the resistance of insulin in the tissues, causing hyperglycemia 1.
An android body type body has a larger mass around the center of the body. Fat is accumulated around the chest and abdominal area 3. This is also known as an “apple shape” body. Gynoid body type is when fat is accumulated more on the lower half of the body, especially along the buttocks, hips and thighs 3. This is commonly known as a “pear shape” body type.
Treatment of T2DM deals with controlling and monitoring glucose levels, lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise 4. Dietary habits that include high consumption of fiber rich foods, increasing intake of vegetables and substituting with artificial sweeteners are all recommended 4. Regular physical activity will be beneficial for the patient, as it promotes weight loss, lowers blood glucose levels without insulin, and decreased risk for heart disease 4.
Source:
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Journal. 2012
National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. CDC. 2017
Campbell EW JR, Lynn CK. The Physical Examination. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
Asif M. The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2014;3:1. doi:10.4103/2277-9531.127541.